STANDARD　SPECIFICATIONS　FOR　TUNNELING-2006：Mountain　Tunnels

目次

1. OUTLINE
1.1 Rules
[1] Scope
[2] Definitions
[3] Relative Laws and Regulations
[4] Selection of Mountain Tunneling Method and Examination Procedure

2. PLANNING AND INVESTIGATION
2.1 General
[5] Fundamentals of Planning
[6] Fundamentals of Investigation
2.2 Alignment and Inner Section of Tunnels
[7] Horizontal Alignment of Tunnels
[8] Vertical Alignment of Tunnels
[9] Inner Cross Section of Tunnels
[10] Auxiliary Tunnel Facilities
2.3 Investigation
2.3.1 Investigation of Ground Conditions
[11] General of Investigation of Ground Conditions
[12] Investigation of Topography and Geology for Route Selection
[13] Research of Geology for Design and Construction Plan
[14] Geological Research during Construction
[15] Hydrological Research
2.3.2 Investigation of Location Conditions
[16] General
[17] Environmental Investigation
[18] Research of Laws and Regulations which Regulate the Project
[19] Research of Requirements for Compensation
2.3.3 Investigation Results
[20] General
[21] Arrangement and Use of the Results of Investigation of Ground Conditions
[22] Arrangement and Utilization of the Results of Investigation of Location Conditions
2.4 Construction Planning
[23] General
[24] Establishment of Construction Sections
[25] Construction Methods and Schedule Planning
[26] Working Drifts
[27] Construction Roads, Outside Equipment and Muck Disposal Areas
[28] Environment Preservation Measures

3. DESIGN
3.1 General
[29] General
3.2 Basics of Design
3.2.1 Rules
[30] Basics of Design
[31] Design Method
[32] Design Procedure
[33] Design Changes
3.2.2 Selection of Excavation Cross Section and Construction Method
[34] Excavation Cross Section
[35] Selection of Excavation Method
[36] Selection of Tunnel Driving Method
3.2.3 Design Conditions
[37] Ground Properties
[38] Impact on Surrounding Structures and Environment
[39] Impact by Neighboring Construction
[40] Impact of Earthquakes, Water Pressure, and Other Factors
3.3 Design of Tunnel Supports
3.3.1 General
[41] General
[42] Design Concept for Tunnel Supports
[43] Change of Supports
3.3.2 Shotcrete
[44] General
[45] Mechanical Characteristics of Shotcrete
[46] Mix of Shotcrete
[47] Design Thickness of Shotcrete
[48] Reinforced Shotcrete
3.3.3 Rock Bolts
[49] General
[50] Rock Bolt Anchorage System
[51] Rock Bolt Anchorage Material
[52] Distribution and Dimensions of Rock Bolts
[53] Material and Shape of Rock Bolts
3.3.4 Steel Supports
[54] General
[55] Shape of Steel Supports
[56] Cross Section and Steel Support Material
[57] Spacing of Steel Supports
[58] Joints and Base Plates for Steel Supports
[59] Collar Braces for Steel Supports
3.4 Design of Lining
3.4.1 General
[60] General
[61] Philosophy for Lining Design
3.4.2 Fundamentals of Design
[62] Shape of Lining
[63] Design Thickness of Lining
[64] Mix and Strength of Lining Concrete
[65] Countermeasure against Cracks in Lining Concrete
3.5 Design of Inverts
[66] General
[67] Shape and Thickness of Inverts
[68] Strength and Mix of Invert Concrete
3.6 Design of Waterproofing and Drainage Systems
[69] General
[70] Waterproofing
[71] Drainage
3.7 Design of Portal Zones and Portals
[72] General
[73] Design of Portal Zones
[74] Design of Portals
3.8 Design of Branches and Enlargements
[75] General
[76] Designs of Branches and Enlargements
3.9 Design of Neighboring Construction
[77] General
[78] Design of Tunnels in the Vicinity of Existing Structures
[79] Design of Neighboring Tunnels in Proximity to Each Other
[80] Design of Tunnels Affected by Neighboring Construction

4. CONSTRUCTION
4.1 General
[81] General
[82] Investigation and Monitoring during Construction
[83] Changes in Construction Methods
4.2 Safety and Health
[84] General
[85] Lighting
[86] Ventilation
[87] Walkways
[88] Safety Inspection
[89] Safety and Health
[90] Prevention of Fire and Explosion
[91] Emergency Procedures
4.3 Environmental Preservation
[92] Environmental Preservation
4.4 Surveys
[93] General
[94] Control Points outside Tunnel
[95] Tunnel Surveys
[96] Centerline and Levels Transferred from the Working Drift
4.5 Excavation
4.5.1 General
[97] Excavation Plan
[98] Measures for Face Stabilization
[99] Overbreak
[100] Drainage
4.5.2 Blasting
[101] General
[102] Drilling
4.5.3 Mechanical Excavation
[103] General
[104] Excavation
4.6 Mucking
[105] Mucking Plan
[106] Mucking Machines
[107] Muck Loading
4.7 Transportation inside the Tunnel
[108] Hauling Method
[109] Road Surfaces and Railroad Tracks
[110] Hauling Vehicles
[111] Traffic Control
4.8 Supports
4.8.1 General
[112] General
[113] Reinforcement and Replacement of Supports
4.8.2 Shotcrete
[114] Selection of Shotcreting
[115] Shotcreting Machines
[116] Field Mixing of Shotcrete
[117] Shotcreting
[118] Shotcreting on Water Inflow
4.8.3 Rock Bolts
[119] Equipment
[120] Drilling and Cleaning of Holes for Rock Bolts
[121] Setting and Grouting of Rock Bolts
4.8.4 Steel Supports
[122] Erecting Steel Supports
4.9 Lining
4.9.1 Forms
[123] General
[124] Construction of Forms
[125] Bulkheads
[126] Traveling and Setting of Forms
[127] Removal of Forms
4.9.2 Lining
[128] General Description of Construction of Lining
[129] Field Mixing of Lining Concrete
[130] Transportation of Lining Concrete
[131] Placement of Lining Concrete
[132] Compaction of Lining Concrete
[133] Curing the Lining Concrete
4.9.3 Invert Concrete
[134] Concrete Placement at the Invert
[135] Timing in Placing the Invert Concrete
4.9.4 Reinforcement for the Lining Concrete
[136] Reinforcement for the Lining Concrete
4.10 Construction of the Waterproofing and Drainage
[137] Construction of the Waterproofing and Drainage
[138] Prevention of Water Leaks
4.11 Portal Construction
[139] Portal Construction

5. AUXILIARY METHODS
5.1 General
[140] General
[141] Role of Auxiliary Methods
[142] Application of auxiliary method
5.2 Auxiliary Methods for Safety in Tunnel Construction
[143] Auxiliary Methods for Face Stabilization
[144] Auxiliary Methods for Controlling Water Inflow
5.3 Auxiliary Methods for Preservation of the Surrounding Environment
[145] Auxiliary Methods for Preventing Ground Surface Settlement
[146] Auxiliary Methods for Construction Close to Existing Structures

6. TUNNELS THROUGH SPECIAL GROUND AND URBAN MOUNTAIN TUNNELING METHODS
6.1 Tunnels through Special Ground
6.1.1 General
[147] General
6.1.2 Tunnels in Unconsolidated Ground
[148] Tunnels in Unconsolidated Ground
6.1.3 Tunnels in Squeezing Ground
[149] Tunnels in Squeezing Ground
6.1.4 Tunnels through the Ground with Danger of Rock Burst
[150] Tunnels through the Ground with Danger of Rock Bursts
6.1.5 Tunnels through Ground with High Levels of Geothermal Heat, Hot Springs, or Toxic Gases
[151] Tunnels through Ground with High Levels of Geothermal Heat, Hot Springs, or Toxic Gases
6.1.6 Tunnels through Ground with a Danger of High Water Pressure or Large Inflow Volumes
[152] Tunnels through Ground with a Danger of High Water Pressure or Large Inflow Volumes
6.2 Urban Mountain Tunneling Methods
6.2.1 General
[153] General
6.2.2 Planning and Surveys
[154] Planning
[155] Investigation
6.2.3 Design
[156] Basics of Design
[157] Design Procedure
[158] Support
[159] Lining and Invert
[160] Waterproofing and Drainage
6.2.4 Construction
[161] Principles for construction
[162] Waterproofing and drainage
6.2.5 Observation and measurement
[163] General
[164] Planning and Implementation of Observation and Measurement
[165] Evaluation of Observation and Measurement Results

7. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
7.1 General
[166] General
7.2 Management of the Schedule
[167] Management of the Schedule
7.3 Quality Control and Control of Actual Measurement
7.3.1 General
[168] General
7.3.2 Shotcrete
[169] Materials, Weighing and Mixing of Shotcrete
[170] Thickness and Strength of Shotcrete
7.3.3 Rock Bolts
[171] Material of Rock Bolts
[172] Arrangement and Bonding of Rock Bolts
7.3.4 Steel Supports
[173] Materials of Steel Supports
[174] Erecting of Steel Supports
7.3.5 Lining
[175] Material, Mixture and Strength of Lining
[176] Installation of Forms and Inspection of Lining
7.3.6 Waterproofing and Crack Protection
[177] Quality Control of Waterproofing and Crack Protection
7.3.7 Drainage
[178] Quality Control of Drainage
7.4 Observation and Measurement
7.4.1 General
[179] Purpose of Observation and Measurement
7.4.2 Planning of Observation and Measurement
[180] General
[181] Items of Observation and Measurement
[182] Positions of Observation and Measurement
[183] Frequency of Observation and Measurement
[184] Selection of Measuring Instruments
7.4.3 Execution of Observation and Measurement
[185] Observation Method
[186] Measurement Method
[187] Processing of Observation and Measurement Results
7.4.4 Utilization of Observation and Measurement Results
[188] Fundamental Approach
[189] Evaluation of Observation and Measurement Results
[190] Feedback to Design, Construction and Maintenance

8. TBM METHOD
8.1 General
[191] Scope of Application
8.2 Planning and Investigation for TBM Method
8.2.1 Planning
[192] Tunnel Inner Section and Excavation Diameter
[193] Structure and Selection of TBM
8.2.2 Investigation
[194] General
[195] Topographical and Geological Investigation
8.3 Design
[196] Basics of Design of Tunnel Support
[197] Design of Tunnel Supports
[198] Design of Lining
8.4 Construction with TBM
[199] General
[200] Assembly, Departing, Arrival and Disassembly
[201] Driving
[202] Lining
[203] Countermeasures against Poor Ground Conditions
8.5 Construction Management
[204] Schedule Management
[205] Control of Quality and Actual Measurements
[206] Observation and Measurement
8.6 Safety and Health in the TBM Method
[207] Safety and Health
[208] Maintenance of Work Environment
8.7 TBM for Special Use
[209] TBM for Special Use

9. TIMBERING SUPPORT METHOD
9.1 General
[210] Scope of Application
[211] General
9.2 Design and Construction of Timbering Support Method
[212] Loads in the Timbering Support Method
[213] Steel Support
[214] Lining
[215] Backfill Grouting

10. VERTICAL AND INCLINED SHAFTS
10.1 General
[216] General
10.2 Vertical Shaft
10.2.1 Design of Vertical Shafts
[217] Cross-Section
[218] Design of Support for Shaft
[219] Design of Lining
10.2.2 Construction of Vertical Shafts
[220] General
[221] Excavation of Vertical Shaft
[222] Lining
[223] Draining
10.2.3 Safety of Vertical Shafts
[224] Safety Measures during Excavation
[225] Safety Provisions for Construction Equipment
10.3 Inclined Shafts
10.3.1 Design of Inclined Shafts
[226] Gradient and Cross-Section
[227] Design of Supports for Inclined Shafts
[228] Design of Lining for Inclined Shafts
10.3.2 Construction of Inclined Shafts
[229] General
[230] Excavation of an inclined shaft
[231] Lining
10.3.3 Safety of Inclined Shafts
[232] Safety Measures during Excavation
[233] Safety Provisions for Construction Equipment
10.4 Bottom Equipment for Vertical Shafts and Inclined Shafts
[234] Bottom Equipment

INDEX